The Cosmological Argument is Self-contradictory Essay

The Cosmological Argument, also known as the First Cause Argument, is one of the most important arguments for the existence of God, not only because it is one of the more convincing, but also because it is one of the most used. The thought that everything that happens must have a cause and that the first cause of everything must have been God, is widespread. The cosmological argument is the argument from the existence of the world or universe to the existence of a being that brought it into and keeps it in existence. The idea that the universe has an infinite past, stretching back in time into infinity is both philosophically and scientifically problematic. All indications are that there is a†¦show more content†¦But it is not that simple. I would not be here without billions of causes, from the Big Bang through the cooling of the galaxies and the evolution of the protein molecule to the marriages of my ancestors. The universe is a vast and complex chain of causes. But does the universe as a whole have a cause? Is there a first cause, an uncaused cause, and a transcendent cause of the whole chain of causes? If so, then there is an eternal, necessary, independent, self-explanatory being with nothing above it, before it, or supporting it. It would have to explain itself as well as everything else, for if it needed something else as its explanation, its reason, its cause, then it would not be the first and uncaused cause. Such a being would have to be God, of course. If we can prove there is such a first cause, we will have proved there is a God. If, on the one hand, God were thought to have a cause of his existence, then positing the existence of God in order to explain the existence of the universe wouldnt get us anywhere. Without God there would be one entity the existence of which we could not explain, namely the universe; with God there would be one entity the existence of which we could not explain, namely God. Positing the existence of God, then, w ould introduce as many problems as it solved, and so the cosmological argument would leave us in noShow MoreRelatedOn Being an Atheist1280 Words   |  5 Pagesrefers to the arguments for God’s existence as â€Å"proofs† and often implies that they can’t definitively establish the case for God, so therefore they should be abandoned. However, the biggest problem with viewing the arguments for God’s existence as â€Å"proofs† is that they are not proofs like the proofs in Mathematics which are one-hundred percent certain. (Foreman) These are arguments, not â€Å"proofs†, as there is no way to come to a one-hundred percent certain conclusion with such arguments. Therefore,Read MoreLimitations of the Arguments towards the Existence of God Essays1302 Words   |  6 Pagespropose several arguments to prove God’ existence, however there are no evidence to show that god actually exist. Atheists suggested those arguments provide insufficient reason to believe. Furthermore, some arguments propose that it is possible to disprove the existence of God, or of certain characteristics attributed to God. This article will be discuss the limitation of some arguments for the existence of god and propose some arguments against god’ existence. limitation of arguments for the existenceRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesDoes God exist? At first glance, it seems contradictory to prove the existence of something that is elusive, ineffable, incomprehensible. How to prove the reality of a being who, by definition, is not given in phenomenal experience? My position is that it is impossible to prove the non-existence of God, since I believe that God exists. I would use it the cosmological arguments, teleological and Ontological to prove that God exists. The cosmological argument for the existence of God is as follows: TheRead More The History of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God1341 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Cosmological Argument were developed by the world renowned philosophers Plato and Aristotle between the years 400 and 200 BC (Boeree). Medieval philosopher Saint Thomas Aquinas expanded upon their ideas in the late 13th Century when he wrote, â€Å"The Five Ways.† Since then the Cosmological Argument has become one of the most widely accepted and criticized arguments for the existence of God. My objective in this paper is to explain why the Cosmological Argument is a reasonable argument for theRead MoreArgument for Existence of God Essay4707 Words   |  19 PagesArgument for Existence of God The real is the rational, and the rational is the real. In philosophical discussion, no statement is, perhaps, more important or more controversial. Yet, this is the very position that I advocate within this paper. The equation of the rational with the real is at the heart of the argument I here consider, that being the ontological argument for the existence of God. There are several versions of the ontological argument for the existence of God, which is to say thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist By H. J. Gilman1664 Words   |  7 PagesJ. McCloskey’s, he makes several arguments as â€Å"proof† of God’s non-existence to support his atheism. He attacks arguments made by advocates on the existence of God. The arguments argued by Theist are not arguments for proof of God’s existence but are arguments for definitive beliefs of God’s existence. Any argument on proving the Almighty God’s existence is unsatisfactory. The Theist does not attempt to offer â€Å"proof† of God’s existence but rather offer arguments that are the best explanations ofRead MoreThe Biblical Cosmogony Is Based On The Provisions Of Genesis1282 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence of one man who gave rise to all human beings. Having diverse beliefs on the origin of the universe is a contradictory across the different religions or convictions. However, the two cosmogonies differ from the scientific views on the origin of the universe and humanity. The problem of evil manifests itself as a major obstacle to the existence of God. In this case, the argument is that a perfect, good and omnipresent God would not allow things such as suffering and worldly evil to occur. ThereforeRead MoreA Brief Article On Being An Atheist1922 Words   |  8 Pagesup with a powerful argument about how being an atheist was greater than the theistic way of life. Through this article, McCloskey finds a way to condemn numerous arguments which theist consider as true and in most cases seem to mock and impeach the believers of God. Some of the arguments that McCloskey tries to diminish are the three mutual proofs that most theists depend upon for their belief in God. The proofs include; cosmological proof, teleological proof and the argument from design. McCloskeyRead More Ontological Argument Essay2922 Words   |  12 Pagesexistence of God. These theories are the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, and the teleological argument. St. Anselm of eleventh century, and Descartes of seventeenth century, have used the ontological argument for proving the existence of God. The God, for them, is supreme, quot;needing nothing outside himself, but needful for the being and well-being of all things.quot; (Pg. 305). St Anselm’s account of the ontological argument for the existence of God deals with the ‘existenceRead MoreArticle Analysis of H J McCloskeys On Being an Atheist2019 Words   |  8 Pagesthose well versed in theism can handily refute. In his discussion of the argument from design, which he links with teleological principles, the author refers to the concept of design in a way that alludes to the conviction that there are certain divine manifestations in the world that are so perfect that they must revolve around a grand architect who conceived them to be that way. Therefore, he says that proving such an argument requires indisputable examples of design or purpose (McCloskey, 1968

the roman empire is the greatest civilization of all time

The Roman Empire was the period of time after the Roman Republic and before the Byzantine Empire from 29 B.C. to A.D. 476. It was the highest point of Roman civilization, greater than any prior empires and towers over even the empires after it; it triumphed over the world . The Roman Republic was what built up the foundation for the Roman Empire. During the Republic, a small group of people started from scratch and developed their own systems, which later develops into the Roman Empire. The strong leaders of the Republic had conquered much land and people for Rome. The Roman Republic thus ignites Roman civilization, which leads on to the second step- the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire started off with leader Augustus, who was left†¦show more content†¦Because Augustus encouraged trade, many roads and highways were built for convenient traveling. Trading made easier increased trade, which boosted Roman economy even more. The Greek Empire occurred before the Romans and when compared to the Roman Empire, seems to be modest, not as great. The Greeks did not have as much conquered lands, which lessens their power. What they did have conquered was divided into parts amongst different rulers, who were constantly at war with each other, lacking the peace that Pax Romana had. The conquered Greek lands did not have a chance to civilize as one great empire as the Romans had. The Byzantine Empire followed the Roman Empire, and it, also, seems meager in comparison. It had evolved from the Roman Empire, and because it was in the late stage that it was in, land had been lost, so in terms of size, the Roman Empire was superior to the Byzantine. The empire wasn t strong, either. At the start, the first ruler, Justinian, attempted to reconquer Roman lands, but in doing so, left his own land in ruins, and his conquests were lost right after his death. The Empire faced many enemies and was threatened constantly by them. Eventually, all land was lost except for the Constantinople, the rich and powerful capital city, and the land surrounding it. As can be seen, the Roman Empire was great for its time in more ways that one, with its undefeatable strength and size . It was greater than the empires before itShow MoreRelatedContributions Of African And World Civilizations Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesContributions to African and World Civilizations The Carthage was one of first big empires of the Africa and continues to be the largest. The biggest contribution to world civilizations today is the military tactics taken away from the Carthage Army and Navy. Hannibal Barca was the greatest military Generals of the ancient world, he lead the Carthaginian Army. He took over at the age of 26. Some of the tactics that he used that were so successful and are used today are taking out and surroundingRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romans were on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was foundingRead MoreHow Did The Technology Of Roman Empire Impact It?1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Roman Empire started to gain strength. They broke treaties and conquered neighboring countries. They revised battle tactics, weapons, legions, but mostly technology to emerge as an undisputed leader of the Mediterranean. The Roman Empire was eager to find new ways, new technology, to help the empire grow beyond imaginable. Arches, military weapons, and basic technology were all created by the Empire. However, the question trying to be answered is, â€Å"How did the technology of Roman Empire impactRead MoreRoman Civilization943 Words   |  4 PagesAt its height, the Roman Empire was the most powerful domain in the world. It was at its largest in the second century AD and it spread across three continents. This Empire had diverse languages and cultures. Nevertheless by the 3rd century A.D, Romans were on swift decline. This fast decline was caused by extreme changes in their civilization. The changes consisted of new leaders controlling the region, Rome becoming spilt up into two sections, and Christianity gaining all of religious control.Read MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pagesand roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’s greatest leadersRead MoreRoman Roads1495 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Roman Roads: An Empire Connected LVV4U1 December 16, 2013 â€Å"Man has always moved along a road. It’s just what the road has looked like that’s changed over time† (Dan McNichol). Some would say that the legacy of the Roman Empire is viewed as the foundation of civilization, having influenced every aspect of modern society, from literature to mathematics. Even today, Roman law and foundation of government forms the basis of several modern democracies. The ancient Empire`s monuments stillRead MoreEssay on The Comparative Strength Of Rome1038 Words   |  5 PagesRome, considered by most the greatest empire of the ancient world, stretched from modern day England to Palestine and was more successful than all previous Empires. Romes government, military, economic and civic structures were all superior to those of their predecessors. The Sumerians were the first people to build civilization and attempt empire in the western world. Like Rome, they had a governmental structure,Read MoreThe Literary Works Of The First Century Romans993 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding ancient civilizations is always a hard process. The only resources that are readily available, are the texts written by people of the times. But which helps better the understanding of the society and political structures: historical or literary works? The first century Romans are a great example of this. The literary works of the first century Romans, help further the knowledge about the ancient civilization. While the historical works do show a lot of the facts from the era, theRead MoreContinuity and Change-over-Time: Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E.-1450 C.E.847 Words   |  4 Pagesa trading route on the continent of Eurasia that stretches from the vast coast of China all the way to Eastern Europe. The trade route was at its greatest use from 200 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E. The society that began the Silk Road was the Han Dynasty in China in approximately 200 B.C.E. The Han Dynasty facilitated trade in the east, while the Roman Empire facilitated trade in the west and in Europe. The two empires traded many goods, as well as cultural aspects of each society’s way of life. From 200 BRead MoreThe Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty reached unprecedented levels of progress by controlling equally vast lands and territories, utilizing ecological, economic and human resources, and consolidating power by the unification of their regimes under a common legal and cultural framework.   The Roman Empire stretched from the present day British Isles to the present day Iraq and lasted five hundred years from 27 BC to 467 AD.   The Han Dynasty dominated Asia from the Korean Peninsula to present day Vietnam

Chasing Yesterday by Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds free essay sample

Noel Gallagher knows what it is like to be on top of the world. â€Å"The Chief† or â€Å"The Godlike Genius†, as he is fondly called by the Oasis faithful, is one of the pinnacles of British rock ‘n’ roll. After founding the band Oasis, together he and his brother Liam took over his native island like a storm. It wasn’t uncommon to hear the group being referred to as the next Beatles. In fact, at their peak in the late 90’s, the band was overwhelming voted the biggest band in history over the likes of The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Led Zeppelin by many tabloids. To this day, Oasis still retains the title of fastest selling album (Be Here Now, 1997) in British history. Their most popular song, â€Å"Wonderwall†, still makes an occasional radio appearance today. Now that nearly twenty years have come and gone since the golden age of Britpop, Gallagher is no longer the hero of rock that he once was. The 2000’s proved to be a dark age for Oasis, which saw the band halfheartedly put out mediocre albums and experience declining popularity. The group disbanded for good in 2009 after a dispute over flying fruit. Nowadays, it’s not uncommon to see Gallagher spending his time sitting back watching Manchester City soccer games on television, admiring his collection of trainers, or taking shots at today’s biggest music stars such as Taylor Swift, Kanye West, and Alex Turner. According to Gallagher, he’d â€Å"rather drink petrol straight from the nozzle at a garage† than listen to any interview featuring Turner. Based on these instances alone, one would assume he is bitter about his current situation. Surely he must have a nostalgic longing for the good old days when Oasis was still the king of music. But free from the strings that attached him in Oasis, the middle aged rocker seems to have found new life. According to critics, Gallagher’s 2011 debut solo album was his best work since the turn of the century. Because of this, and despite the name of his new album, â€Å"Chasing Yesterday†, he isn’t looking back to the fame nor the sound of his past. He’s been there, done that. Now Gallagher considers himself to be an explorer, journeying through the fresh and modern terrain of alternative music.Throughout the album, he finds himself combining instruments and vibrant sounds in ways that were once impossible with Oasis. The album proves to be enchanting, and truly a breath of fresh air for the Manchester native. â€Å"Chasing Yesterday† begins with one of its most complete tracks, â€Å"Riverman†. The relaxed, dreamy flow of the song indeed prompts the listener to think of a rolling river. â€Å"All of the love that was left behind is gonelike a memory that fades, she disappears again,† sings Gallagher. It is at this moment where the true significance of the album’s title it i s first revealed. Gallagher is not chasing fame and fortune. He seeks youth and lost love. Gallagher finds his most emotional moment on â€Å"The Dying Of The Light†, which in turn brings out the best in him. The song seems destined to go down as one of Gallagher’s classic songs, mirroring the gentle cries of love from â€Å"If I Had A Gun† before it. â€Å"Behind me lie the years that I misspentI was told that the streets were paved with gold and there would be no time for getting old when we were young,† he sings, looking back on his youth. Gallagher has always been a lyrical genius, and he continues to find his writing rhythm on this track. â€Å"We’ll fight the dying of the light and catch the sun,† may be as fine a lyric as he has ever penned. The album also features many other elaborate gems that stretch the boundaries of Gallagher’s musical imagination. â€Å"The Ballad of The Mighty I†, for example, seems to glide with a continuous wave of energetic pulses. It is on this song where fellow rock legend Johnny Marr, formerly of The Smiths, makes his appearance. Marr blankets his sound behind Gallagher’s vast collection of instrumentals, but plays a crucial role in the rhythm of the song. â€Å"The Right Stuff† may be the most uncharacteristic song in Gallagher’s career. He takes great pride in the fact that he managed to incorporate â€Å"space jazz† on the track, along with the occasional injection of electric guitar shocks. What is most unusual about the song is that Gallagher duets with a female singer, which he had never attempted before. â€Å"You and I got the right the right stuff,† they whisper. After becoming lost in the song’s tender melody, it’s hard to argue with them. Despite his new direction, Gallagher hasn’t completely forgotten about his days with Oasis. Many of the songs on the album, including â€Å"Lock All The Doors† and â€Å"Revolution Song†, have roots tracing back to the 90’s. â€Å"Lock All The Doors†, once a demo for Oasis, was abandoned because of Gallagher’s inability to find a complement to the chorus. Now that it has resurfaced, the sounds of â€Å"Definitely Maybe† within it remain apparent. In fact, it’s buzzing guitar and energy seem to be the perfect fit for the vocals of Gallagher’s younger brother, Liam. It shows just how much Liam, the former frontman and primary singer for Oasis, continues to loom over Noel. In â€Å"Chasing Yesterday†, Gallagher has rediscovered his creative spirit. The production, done by Gallagher himself, is impressive. The new, smooth, alternative direction that he has chosen to pursue has led him to a new tomorrow, and a true career revival. As of Monday, the album became the fastest selling album of 2015 and rose to number one in the UK charts. There has been little love lost for Gallagher in his h ome country. It’s true that the times when he held absolute power over the entire British music scene are long gone, but maybe that’s just fine with him. Perhaps Gallagher says it best when he sings, â€Å"it’s alright, you know we can’t go back.†

Customer Centric And Brand Strategy Of Amazon †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Customer Centric And Brand Strategy Of Amazon. Answer: Amazon Section The mission and vision of the company is to be the one of the best customer centric company and enable people to buy online anything that they wish. The company has a culture allows the business capacity to be highly responsive to the ecommerce market. The corporate culture enables the employees to develop new ideas and work beyond the traditional conventions. To sustain competitive advantage it continues to seek fresh talent. It allows the company to be bold and customer centric. The brand strategy of Amazon is humble business start and establishment of customer centric brand positioning. The brand strategy was to create personalised signature experience on demand for customers (Laudon and Traver 2013). Amazon is pioneer in customer experience because it could well blend the technology and retail in an inventive way. It has been the part of the companys DNA to ensure innovation and focus on customer obsession. It was established as customer centric company as mission and vision was to become one (Alef 2010). The strategies used to become customer centric are understand and serving the needs of customers, aligning the companys interest with the customer. It continuously collects the data on the failure and success of customer experience. Therefore, decisions in regards to customer focused initiatives are data driven. Employees ensure on time delivery of the products and do no delay in addressing the return of products or customer complaints. The employees are apologetic about any inconvenience caused and focus on service recovery (Schmitt 2010). The employees strive to understand the customer experience throughout their journey (Lemon and Verhoef 2016). The journey of customer begins with purchasing obscure one-off purchases, to daily products. Irrespective of age, gender and socioeconomic class Amazons customer get everything theta they expect from brand and retail. The customs get swift delivery, products at competitive price, hassle free return of products and ease of access of information related to products that guides the purchasing decisions (Ignat and Maha 2012). The company own technology stacks for the websites worldwide right from front end to back end technology. The company has made significant advancement in technology, data and infrastructure. It has been key feature in customer support service and main element of Amazon success (Cronin 2014). A significant investment has been made in technology for e-commerce infrastructure, website, and databases to meet the customer experience needs. Its digital technology has transformed the customer shopping experience online. It made it easy to solve the customer crisis on time (Parise, Guinan and Kafka 2016). This technology investment allowed for patent one-click buyingfacility for customers, record purchasing history, and save customer information for ease of access. The technology is integrated to deliver a meaningful experience consistently while easily navigating the cost. These data is further used relentlessly to enhance the customer experience. The technology investments have led the com pany to engage with customers by personalising interactions, recommending and engaging with the customers across channels (Parise, Guinan and Kafka 2016). Amazon Traditional Retail Section Based on my experience from Amazon and Sainsbury in Egypt it can be said that the later can improve its business in the area of customer experience and focus less on prices. The company must better understand the needs of the customer in regards to food items and food preferences. For instance, the Pizza is most of the time chesseless and the mint choc-chip does not seem to contain the vital element. The business can improve selling quality products at fair price. Improvement in the self-service checkout will enhance the customer experience. The retail can invest more in technology for personalizing the customer shopping. It may include facility to scan items at the store and pay at the till. It will be more convenient and reduce the time in unloading the trolley bags. The delivery of products and customer complaints needs to be on time. Customers of Amazon shop around for best deal which is rarely offered by Sainsbury. A digital conversation is expected for greater shopping convenie nce. There should be less focus on the competition from discounters to reduce customer bargaining and switching over to online shopping. Other approaches that can be taken from Amazon are making an offer that cant be refused, for instance, the Gold box deals (Lemon and Verhoef 2016). Customer DNA is the complete view of the customers. Unlike the biological sense this DNA is used in themarketing sense and it refers to the customers unique behaviour and preferences. DNA of the customer can be identified by the collection of data through surveys, customer feedback and online reviews. Identical data can be matched by comparing two different databases containing different personal; information of the customers. The way to identify the customer DNA is by using Callcredit. With the help of DataDNA it is easy to identify the customers irrespective of gender, name, date of birth, or variation in address across the customer book. Callcredit DNA number is assigned to each individual to understand the crossovers between accounts and customers. DataDNA helps improves the customer profiling as new consumers are matched against the existing one for the purpose of segmentation (Deville and Mcfall 2017). Questions to ask to identify areas that work correctly are customers details such as name, email, phone, and the product the customer is interested to buy. To track the data completeness, it will be asked as to how many critical fields have been filled. Customer survey may be used to collect the one-way feedback and understand the customer journey. It is necessary to avoid barriers in disseminating information to different internal departments. The area of improvements includes identifying which customer data points to be weighted heavily. Decision making should be derived by the customer analytics. The questions to be addressed are Whats the single most important piece of customer data that can improvemarketing decision. The questions for improvement in this area may be related to quality of product and the brands expected by the customers as well as the amount likely to send for given product in the market (Fabijan, Olsson and Bosch 2015). Retails like Sainsbury can ensure greater customer experience by using artificial intelligence like Amazon to predict the needs of the customer. There is a greater need to focus on in-store experience. There should be more emphasize of small retailers on helping customers with free shipping and on time delivery. There is a need to invest in the technology to deliver the product information at right time on websites and track the purchase history data. Only by collecting feedback and analyzing the customer reviews of products that customers needs could be understood (Hassan and Parves 2013). The more customers purchase online, the better are the predictive capabilities. This aspect is the big draw for Amazon. Online reviews on product quality also help attract other customers to a great product. It will increase the purchase frequency. It will help build customer loyalty. Unlike Amazon focusing only on commoditized products, small and other big retails always have the option to stock hard-to-find products. Sainsbury can improve its online purchase by providing one click facility like Amazon. The employee must be trained to instill the customer centric principle like Amazon to better understand the online purchase trends. To match the customer needs just like Amazon, it is recommended to use the philosophy of Kaizen. It is to maximise the efficiency using the elements like order processing that directly impacts the bottom line (Ritala, Golnam and Wegmann 2014). References Alef, D., 2010.Jeff Bezos: Amazon and the eBook revolution. Titans of Fortune Publishing. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=_a6JikIp9IsCoi=fndpg=PP3dq=Amazon+is+pioneer+in+customer+experience+ots=bQjvc9E5iXsig=yP6y0C8d5I4busUl6VjDIDYFElo#v=onepageqf=false Cronin, M.J., 2014. Amazon fast tracks transformation. InTop Down Innovation(pp. 49-60). Springer, Cham. Deville, J. and Mcfall, L., 2017. The market will have you: The arts of market attachment in a digital economy. InMarkets and the Arts of Attachment(pp. 118-141). Routledge. Fabijan, A., Olsson, H.H. and Bosch, J., 2015, June. Customer feedback and data collection techniques in software RD: a literature review. InInternational Conference of Software Business(pp. 139-153). Springer, Cham. Hassan, A. and Parves, M., 2013. A Comparative Case Study Investigating the Adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The Case of Tesco and Sainsbury's.International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains,4(1), p.1. Ignat, I. and Maha, L.G., 2012. E-commerce across United States of America: Amazon. com.Economy Transdisciplinarity Cognition,15(1), p.252. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Retrieved from: https://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~mcs/courses/2008_01/214571/slides/Laudon_Traver_E-commerce4E_Chapter09.pdf Lemon, K.N. and Verhoef, P.C., 2016. Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey.Journal of Marketing,80(6), pp.69-96. Parise, S., Guinan, P.J. and Kafka, R., 2016. Solving the crisis of immediacy: How digital technology can transform the customer experience.Business Horizons,59(4), pp.411-420. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), pp.236-249. Schmitt, B.H., 2010.Customer experience management: A revolutionary approach to connecting with your customers. John Wiley Sons.